We sampled 56 sites that were passively revegetated grasslands on former croplands and 3 bare soil sites in the loess plateau region, and used the erosion productivity impact calculator epic model combined with simulated rainfall to test our assumption. The epic erosion productivity impact calculator, apex agricultural policy environment extender, swat soil and water assessment tool, and phygrow for a forage productionrunoff models are deployed worldwide as people seek to. Specifically, the microlimate effects of shelterbelts, synthesized from empirical studies in the literature, are inserted into the erosionproductivity impact calculator epic crop model to simulate the response of dryland maize to shelter at the university of nebraska agricultural research and development center ardc near mead, nebraska. The erosion of collective bargaining has widened the gap between productivity and pay report. Climate change impacts on soil erosion in midwest united. Biological soil crusts decrease erodibility by modifying. Beginning in 1981, a mathematical model called the erosionproductivity impact calculator model epic was developed to determine the relation between soil erosion and soil productivity throughout the u. A new method for assessing erosions effect on soil. Preparing the erosion productivity impact calculator epic. The mathematical model epic erosionproductivity impact calculator was developed recently to determine the relationship between soil erosion and soil productivity in the united states 6.
Favismortlock and boardman 1995, using the erosion productivity impact calculator epic model williams and sharpley, 1989, found a 7% increase in precipitation could lead to a 26% increase in erosion in the united kingdom. The psd and som content varied significantly among biocrust types and successional stages. Gully erosion article about gully erosion by the free. S epic continuously simulates the processes involved simultaneously and realistically, using a. The model simulates erosion, plant growth, and related processes.
A necessary input is a long series of daily weather which can either be observed or stochastic. A mathematical model called epic erosion productivity impact calculator was developed to determine the relationship between erosion and soil productivity throughout the u. The erosionproductivity impact calculator epic is a widely used agricultural model for assessing potential soil erosion and the impact of soil loss on crops. Using the erosion productivity impact calculator epic model to estimate the impact of soil erosion for the 1985 rca appraisal 1988 putman, j. Looking for the abbreviation of erosion productivity impact calculator. The erosion of collective bargaining has widened the gap.
Modelling longterm anthropogenic erosion of a loess cover. Pdf historical development and applications of the epic. A mathematical model called epic erosionproductivity impact calculator was developed to determine the relationship between erosion and soil productivity throughout the u. Invasive white leadtrees leucaena leucocephala lam. Department of agriculture developed a sophisticated physical process model to summate the soilclimateplantmanagement processes in agricultural production and to estimate the impact of soil erosion on resource productivity and fertilizer requirements for the 1985 resources conservation act appraisal.
The vulnerability of farmland productivity needs assessment due to longterm water erosion. Assessing soil erosion by agricultural and forestry. The 10 papers and discussion from a national research council symposium cover such topics as soil erosion classification, evaluating how soil erosion damages productivity, calculating soil erosion, understanding ephemeral gully erosion, wind erosion, and the impact. The epic erosionproductivity impact calculator model is used to simulate the effects of erosion on a hillslope in the uk south downs from 7000 bp to the present day. Computer simulation models are becoming increasingly popular in predicting soil loss for various land use and management practices. To accomplish this complex objective, four goals were set in the model development process. This study used epic erosion productivity impact calculator model proposed by williams et al. The crops were grown on a strongly acidic, sandy soil. The erosion productivity impact calculator epic model was validated using longterm data collected for two southwest iowa watersheds in the deep loess soil region, which have been cropped in continuous corn zea mays l. According to potential erosion risk map obtained, 60. In this study, three soil erosion prediction models the water erosion prediction project wepp, the erosion productivity impact calculator. Economic and environmental implications of alternative. The erosionproductivity impact calculator as formulated.
Soil properties required in usle are soil texture, organic matter, structural group, and permeability class. Journal of production agriculture abstract research. Some of the most known soil erosion models are usle universal soil loss equation, 1965, epic erosionproductivity impact calculator, 1984, eurosem european soil erosion model, 1993, rusle revised universal soil loss equation, 1997, rill grow a model for rill initiation and development, 1998, semmed soil erosion model for mediterranean regions, 1999, egem ephemeral gully erosion. These predictions were compared to actual yields using the paired t test and linear regression analysis. The measures of soil erosion the national academies press. Soil loss predictions with three erosion simulation models. This study adopts a novel modelling approach in the estimation of longterm rates of soil loss and textural modification under prehistoric and historic tillage practices. The adaptation of a crop simulation model to deal with the impacts of rising co 2 and climate change is described in this paper. Uptake of n by two crops of lettuce above and belowground material was approximately equal to fertilizer inputs, yet simulation of n fates by the erosionproductivity impact calculator epic model indicated losses of 14. Find out what is the most common shorthand of erosion productivity impact calculator on.
An assessment of the weather generator wxgen used in the. Mapping soil erosion risk using rusle, gis and remote. Using the erosionproductivity impact calculator epic. Epic simulates approximately eighty crops with one crop growth. Therefore, the effect of npk fertilizer application with or without liming on the water use efficiency of a maizecowpea intercropping system was investigated in the semiarid part of brazil. Validation of epic for two watersheds in southwest iowa 1999. What is the abbreviation for erosion productivity impact. This publication describes the epic model, which predicts the impact of erosion on soil productivity. The erosion of collective bargaining has had a greater impact on. S epic continuously simulates the processes involved simultaneously and realistically, using a daily time step and readily available inputs. The erosionproductivity impact calculator epic is an important planning model that is used to assess the impact of different farming techniques or changing climates on agriculture. The model developed, epic erosion productivity impact calculator, consists of a physically based components for simulating erosion, plant growth, and related processes and b economic components both for assessing the cost of erosion and.
To assess soil erosion, in addition to the popular usle universal soil loss equation, 1965, there are several soil erosion models such as epic erosionproductivity impact calculator, 1984, eurosem european soil erosion model, 1993, rill grow a model for rill initiation and development, 1998, semmed soil erosion model for mediterranean. Climate change impacts on the potential productivity of. One key factor in the divergence between pay and productivity is the widespread erosion of collective bargaining that has diminished the wages of both union and nonunion workers. Partial budgets captured the economic impacts of the alternative farming systems. The development of the fieldscale erosion productivity impact calculator epic model was initiated in 1981 to support assessments of soil erosion impacts on soil productivity for soil, climate, and cropping conditions representative of a broad spectrum of u. The second was groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems. The erosionproductivity impact calculator as formulated for the resource conservation act appraisal by john w. Modelling the effect of shelterbelts on maize productivity. The measures of soil erosion 53 actions the productivity index model and the erosion productivity impact calculator have been designed to make use of nri data. A sensitivity analysis of input parameters is presented, and epic is evaluated by comparison of epicpredicted and observed data. Abstract a mathematical model called epic erosionproductivity impact calculator was developed to determine the relationship between soil erosion and soil productivity throughout the u. Society is scrutinizing the environmental impacts of agriculture. Written by the foremost authorities in the field, this volume brings together the technical papers from which volume 1 is drawn. Climate change impacts on the potential productivity of corn and winter wheat in their primary united states growing regions.
Due to global warming, there is a need to increase the water use efficiency of crops under rainfed agriculture, particularly in semiarid regions. Evaluation of the erosionproductivity impact calculator. Several researchers have examined erosion under climate change without taking into account farmer adaptation. Research done in west europe by means of the erosion productivity impact calculator model epic indicated that a 7% increase in precipitation contributes a 26% escalation in soil erosion this research as well applies and relates to those which were found out in the american corn belt and south africa. Historical development and applications of the epic and. Canadian water resources journal revue canadienne des.
Erosion productivity impact calculator epic was developed in 1981 and 1985 the model was ready for use in the rca soil and water resources conservation act. Usda ers measuring the success of conservation programs. Journal of production agriculture abstract research farm. The erosionproductivity impact calculator epic model. Erosion risk map has been produced, and has been divided into 5 classes.
The key to quantitative assessment is to propose a quantitative method with water loss scenarios to calculate productivity losses due to longterm water. Translation find a translation for erosion productivity impact calculator in other languages. Test of the rusle and key influencing factors using gis. The first of these was the erosion productivity impact calculator epic. A comparison between weather simulated within the erosion. A reference scenario was developed that describes the current situation i. Evaluation of erosion productivity impact calculator epic model for nitrogen losses in rice paddy of thailand. Erosion productivity impact calculator epic description epic is an ibm, macintosh, or sun based generalized crop model that simulates daily crop growth on a hectare scale. By 1985 the model was ready for use in the rca 1977. The development of the fieldscale erosion productivity impact calculator epic model was initiated in 1981 to support assessments of soil erosion impacts on soil productivity for soil, climate. A set of representative farms was designed for each of the primary production regions studied and the erosion productivity impact calculator epic was used to simulate crop response to climate change. This study ascertains if the weather generated by wxgen is realistic, and puts. A quantitative method for longterm water erosion impacts. Erosion productivity impact calculator epic description epic is an ibm, macintosh, or sun based generalized crop model that simulates daily crop growth on a h ectare scale.
Impact of precipitation changes on runoff and soil erosion. Estimates from this model, the erosion productivity impact calculator epic, show. The webs largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. Quantification of soil loss is one of the greatest challenges in natural resources and environmental planning. Beginning in 1981, a mathematical model called the erosion productivity impact calculator model epic was developed to determine the relation between soil erosion and soil productivity throughout the u. Final, 122004 page 182 sc10341 process crop models. The development of the fieldscale erosion productivity impact calculator epic model was initiated in 1981 to support assessments of soil erosion impacts on soil productivity for soil, climate and cropping conditions representative of a broad spectrum of u. Evaluation of erosion productivity impact calculator epic. An essential input to the model is a daily record of weather variables, and this is obtained by simulation in a stochastic weather generator wxgen. Epic erosion productivity impact calculator is a widely used and tested model for simulating agroecosystem processes.
Usdas erosionproductivity impact calculator epica mechanistic simulation model used to examine longterm effects of various components of soil erosion on crop production. Two physical simulation models, epic erosion productivity impact calculator and gleams. Like most process plant growth models, it predicts plant biomass by. Algorithms that represent the direct effects of atmospheric co 2 on crop photosynthetic efficiency and water use were developed for use with the erosion productivity impact calculator epic, a mechanistic crop simulation model. Using the erosionproductivity impact calculator epic model to estimate the impact of soil erosion for the 1985 rca appraisal save as. Water erosion causes reduced farmland productivity, and with a longer period of cultivation, agricultural productivity becomes increasingly vulnerable. This research estimated the net farm returns and environmental consequences of alternative agricultural systems on typical eastern corn belt farms. Simulating soil carbon dynamics, erosion and tillage with. Urgent need for such a model was identified as a result of the 1977 soil and water resources conservation act rca. The model developed, epic erosionproductivity impact calculator, consists of a physically based components for simulating erosion, plant growth, and related processes and b economic. The 4th international congress of ecsss, eurosoil, bari, italy, 2012. Epic continuously simulates the processes involved simultaneously and realistically, using a daily time step and readily available inputs.
The model must be a physically based and capable of simulating the processes involved simultaneously and. The erosion productivity impact calculator epic modelt williams et al. Crop nitrogen utilization and soil nitrate loss in a. By 1985 the model was ready for use in the rca 1977 soil and water resources conservation act analysis. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda.
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